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Mithen, Steven (2005). The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind, and Body. London: Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-78022-258-5. It is often debated as to what extent the origins of music will ever be understood, [23] and there are many competing theories that aim to explain it. [24] Many scholars highlight a relationship between the origin of music and the origin of language, and there is disagreement surrounding whether music developed before, after, or simultaneously with language. [25] A similar source of contention surrounds whether music was the intentional result of natural selection or was a byproduct spandrel of evolution. [25] The earliest influential theory was proposed by Charles Darwin in 1871, who stated that music arose as a form of sexual selection, perhaps via mating calls. [26] Darwin's original perspective has been heavily criticized for its inconsistencies with other sexual selection methods, [27] though many scholars in the 21st century have developed and promoted the theory. [28] Other theories include that music arose to assist in organizing labor, improving long-distance communication, benefiting communication with the divine, assisting in community cohesion or as a defense to scare off predators. [29] Rens Bod (2022). World of Patterns: A Global History of Knowledge. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.169. ISBN 978-1-4214-4345-4. Stryker McGuire (2009-03-29). "This time I've come to bury Cool Britannia". The Observer. Archived from the original on 2013-09-06 . Retrieved 2012-04-06. What is the definition of music? (What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for classifying something as music?)

This article is about music from the United Kingdom. For UK Music, the industry organisation, see UK Music. West, Martin Litchfield (May 1994). "The Babylonian Musical Notation and the Hurrian Melodic Texts". Music and Letters. Vol.75. pp.161–179. The medieval music era (476 to 1400), which took place during the Middle Ages, started with the introduction of monophonic (single melodic line) chanting into Roman Catholic Church services. Musical notation was used since Ancient times in Greek culture, but in the Middle Ages, notation was first introduced by the Catholic church so that the chant melodies could be written down, to facilitate the use of the same melodies for religious music across the entire Catholic empire. The only European Medieval repertory that has been found in written form from before 800 is the monophonic liturgical plainsong chant of the Roman Catholic Church, the central tradition of which was called Gregorian chant. Alongside these traditions of sacred and church music there existed a vibrant tradition of secular song (non-religious songs). Examples of composers from this period are Léonin, Pérotin, Guillaume de Machaut, and Walther von der Vogelweide. Belinky is talking about Anglophone countries in general here, and the music industry’s refusal to centre non-English language music. An example: the MTV awards created a new category for K-pop last year, in a move that many perceived as xenophobic, ghettoising these arti Main article: Musical notation Sheet music is a written representation of music. Homorhythmic (i.e., hymn-style) arrangement of the traditional " Adeste Fideles" in standard two-staff format for mixed voices. play ⓘThe Baroque era in music, between the early music of the Medieval and Renaissance periods and the development of fully fledged and formalised orchestral classical music in the second half of the eighteenth century, was characterised by more elaborate musical ornamentation, changes in musical notation, new instrumental playing techniques and the rise of new genres such as opera. Although the term Baroque is conventionally used for European music from about 1600, its full effects were not felt in Britain until after 1660, delayed by native trends and developments in music, religious and cultural differences from many European countries and the disruption to court music caused by the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and Interregnum. [14] Under the restored Stuart monarchy the court became once again a centre of musical patronage, but royal interest in music tended to be less significant as the seventeenth century progressed, to be revived again under the House of Hanover. [15] Sir Edward Elgar Grein, Paul (26 November 2019). "Beyoncé, Taylor Swift & Lady Gaga Could All Move Up List of Female Artists With the Most Grammys". Billboard. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019 . Retrieved 26 November 2019. You may have the opportunity to add an optional placement year as part of your course, converting the three year course to a four-year Degree with Placement Year. Hoad, T. F., ed. (2003) [1996]. "music". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. ISBN 978-0-19-283098-2. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022. Carroll, Joseph (1998). "Steven Pinker's Cheesecake For The Mind". Cogweb.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013 . Retrieved 29 December 2012.

Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise expressive content. [1] [2] [3] Definitions of music vary depending on culture, [4] though it is an aspect of all human societies and a cultural universal. [5] While scholars agree that music is defined by a few specific elements, there is no consensus on their precise definitions. [6] The creation of music is commonly divided into musical composition, musical improvisation, and musical performance, [7] though the topic itself extends into academic disciplines, criticism, philosophy, psychology, and therapeutic contexts. Music may be performed or improvised using a vast range of instruments, including the human voice. homophony: a clear melody supported by chordal accompaniment. Most Western popular music songs from the 19th century onward are written in this texture. Small, Christopher (1977). Music, Society, Education. John Calder Publishers, London. ISBN 0-7145-3614-8 Brandt, Anthony (11 January 2007). "Musical Form". Connexions. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012 . Retrieved 11 September 2011.

Soley, G.; Hannon, E. E. (2010). "Infants prefer the musical meter of their own culture: A cross-cultural comparison". Developmental Psychology. 46 (1): 286–292. doi: 10.1037/a0017555. PMID 20053025. Die Walküre by Richard Wagner The piano was the centrepiece of social activity for middle-class urbanites in the 19th century ( Moritz von Schwind, 1868). The man at the piano is composer Franz Schubert.