200X Phone Microscope Lens with LED Light Portable Digital Microscope for Kids Handheld Microscope Dermatoscope Skin Diagnosis Hair Analyzer Compatible with iPhone and Android Mobile Phone(Black)

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In this study, we introduced a novel smartphone-microfluidic fluorescence imaging system to study the physiology of islet beta-cells. By trapping islets in a customized surface tension driven pumpless microfluidic device, we managed to use the smartphone camera to visualize mouse islets labeled with various fluorescence indicators and detected physiological insulin stimulator-secretion coupling factors, showing decent fluorescence signaling and signal vs. noise ratio in response to different stimuli/inhibitors. Our system can also achieve adequate resolution of single islet insulin secretion. I found placing the subject on a flat surface and placing the phone on it. Even then, the movement of the phone and the microscope was unavoidable. The maximum angle of coverage seems to be an area of about a quarter inch square. After zooming in, it gets smaller. If you have multiple lenses for wide-angle or telephoto shots, zooming in or out too much may switch the lens leaving the microscope adaptor out of the picture, no pun intended. Turn on the Light

Xu, Z. et al. Multimodal multiplex spectroscopy using photonic crystals. Opt. Express 11, 2126 (2003). As shown in Figure2A, the droplet-based microfluidic device consisted of a drop inlet and an open-top islet immobilizing chamber connected by a capillary channel in between. With no external force and pressure driven, once a drop of glucose solution was loaded on top of the inlets, it would automatically flow towards the islets chamber compelled by the pressure generated by surface tension difference. Yetisen, A. K., Akram, M. S. & Lowe, C. R. Paper-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab. Chip 13, 2210–2251 (2013). The smartphone frame was designed using SolidWorks (SOLIDWORKS Corp, Waltham, MA, USA) and 3D printed with polylactide resin (MakerBot ® PLA resin, MakerBot ® Industries, New York, NY, USA) using a MakerBot ® 3D printer (MakerBot ® Industries, New York, NY, USA). The smartphone sat on the top of the frame while a microfluidic biochip was inserted from the side ( Figure1A). The dimensions of the 3D frame were 100mm in height, 180mm in length, and 85mm in width. Design, fabrication, and validation of microfluidic biochip Cybulski, J. S., Clements, J. & Prakash, M. Foldscope: origami-based paper microscope. PLoS ONE 9, e98781 (2014).Compared to conventional macro techniques, microfluidic technology has been used as Islets-On-Chip ( 9– 12). In addition to very small amounts of reagents and analyst used, the small scale allows leveraging of microscale flow phenomena, enabling the implementation of new experimental modalities that are currently not possible with available macroscale tools ( 12). The microfluidic transparency and planar geometry allow easy integration of bright field and fluorescence microscopy, which enables simultaneous, multiparametric, real-time imaging of islet intracellular activities and insulin secretion ( 7, 13– 17). Douglas, S. M. et al. Rapid prototyping of 3D DNA-origami shapes with caDNAno. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, 5001–5006 (2009).

Senior, J. M. & Jamro, M. Y. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice 3rd edn. (Pearson Education, Incorporated, 2009). One of the challenges in islet biology is to visualize biomolecules in their natural environment in real-time and in a non-invasive fashion, so as to gain insight into their physiological behaviors and highlight alterations in pathological settings. GEFPIs constitute a class of imaging agents that enable visualization of biological processes and events directly in situ, preserving the native biological context and providing detailed insight into their localization and dynamics in cells. Next, we tested whether the portable smartphone microscope could also be used for the detection of single DNA molecules in analogy to the sandwich assay discussed in Fig. 2. The sandwich assay with three capture strands for the detection of the resistance gene OXA-48 imaged with the portable smartphone microscope is shown in Fig. 3f. All fluorescence spots acquired on the smartphone camera were photobleached after 3 min of movie recording (see Supplementary Movies 5– 7). The extracted transients (Fig. 3h) exhibit bleaching of the imager strands with 1–3 bleaching steps in accordance with the single-molecule fluorescence transients acquired on the confocal microscope shown in Supplementary Fig. 7. More examples of extracted transients for the sandwich assay with three binding strands in the NACHOS hotspot are included in Supplementary Fig. 12. In control measurements under identical conditions leaving out the nanoparticles, no signal could be detected. As a further control, we incubated the coverslips with silver nanoparticles only. A few dim spots that did not disappear after long illumination are ascribed to scattering from silver nanoparticle aggregates (Supplementary Fig. 11). These results confirm that single-molecule detection of disease-specific DNA can also be performed on our portable smartphone microscope omitting the need for advanced and expensive microscopes. Finally, the DNA detection assay after incubation with human blood serum was also measured on the portable smartphone microscope. Images at the beginning as well as at the end of the movie and exemplary fluorescence transients are shown in Fig. 3i, j, k. The results are almost identical to the measurements in purified buffer solution (Fig. 3f–h) with a decreasing number of isolated fluorescent spots detected on the camera (Fig. 3i, j) due to photobleaching. In a similar way the fluorescent transients (Fig. 3k) show clear single, double and triple bleaching steps with no difference visible between the purified buffer and the blood serum assays. More example movies and transients for the measurements of the sandwich assay inside the NACHOS are shown in Supplementary Movies 8– 10 and Supplementary Fig. 13. The photobleaching analysis for the transients from the movie taken on the smartphone microscope is shown in Supplementary Fig. 14 and yields similar distributions for single, double and triple photobleaching steps as compared to the data shown in Fig. 2g, highlighting the ability of the smartphone microscope in combination with NACHOS to provide analytical power comparable to conventional single-molecule microscopy tools. Plöschner, M., Tyc, T. & Čižmár, T. Seeing through chaos in multimode fibres. Nat. Photonics 9, 529–535 (2015).Bauerle, C. et al. Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education: A Call to Action. American Association for the Advancement of Science https://visionandchange.orgfinalreport (2021). The microscope, a revolutionary instrument that has reshaped our understanding of the world at a microscopic level, has seen substantial advancements since its inception in the 17th century. The most recent of these advancements is the iMicro Q3, a device that transforms your phone camera into a microscope. This groundbreaking device is the latest in a series of portable microscopes that began with the iMicro Q, introduced in 2018. Features of the iMicro Q3 Cadusch, J. J., Meng, J., Craig, B. & Crozier, K. B. Silicon microspectrometer chip based on nanostructured fishnet photodetectors with tailored responsivities and machine learning. Optica 6, 1171 (2019). Connection: How the microscope connects to your smartphone is also important. Generally, WiFi and USB models have a higher magnification range but are mostly less portable than manual ones. Moreover, some USB models do not support all smartphone operating systems. Meanwhile, the manual ones have a clip-on adapter that allows you to attach it directly to your phone’s camera. Although they have a lower magnification range, they are pretty much straightforward to use with less complication.