Treee: Part One: 1

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Where rainfall is relatively evenly spread across the seasons in temperate regions, temperate broadleaf and mixed forest typified by species like oak, beech, birch and maple is found. [46] Temperate forest is also found in the southern hemisphere, as for example in the Eastern Australia temperate forest, characterised by Eucalyptus forest and open acacia woodland. [47] The trunk is the main body of the tree. The trunk is covered with bark which protects it from damage. Branches grow from the trunk. They spread out so that the leaves can get more sunlight.

Friis, Ib; Balslev, Henrik; Kongelige, Danske; Videnskabernes, Selskab (eds.) (2005). Plant diversity and complexity patterns: local, regional, and global dimensions: proceedings of an international symposium held at the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Copenhagen, Denmark, 25–28 May 2003. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp.57–59. ISBN 978-87-7304-304-2. {{ cite book}}: |first4= has generic name ( help)Most leaves have stomata, which open and close, and regulate carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour exchange with the atmosphere. Walnuts are the healthiest nut, say scientists". BBC News: Health. 28 March 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017 . Retrieved 21 September 2014. Bonsai ( 盆栽, lit. "Tray planting") [130] is the practice of hòn non bộ originated in China and spread to Japan more than a thousand years ago, there are similar practices in other cultures like the living miniature landscapes of Vietnam hòn non bộ. The word bonsai is often used in English as an umbrella term for all miniature trees in containers or pots. [131] Evergreen". TheFreeDictionary. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012 . Retrieved 7 August 2012.

Puplett, Dan. "Mycorrhizas". Trees for Life. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019 . Retrieved 15 July 2012. Tassies Tallest Trees". Tasmanian Giant Trees Consultative Committee. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014 . Retrieved 19 March 2015. Height (m): 99.8; Species: E. regnans; Tree identification: TT443; Name: Centurion; Location: south of Hobart Körner, Christian. "High elevation treeline research". University of Basel: Institute of Botany. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016 . Retrieved 28 July 2012.Other species suspected of reaching exceptional age include European Yew Taxus baccata (probably over 2,000 years [10] [11]) and western redcedar Thuja plicata. The oldest known European yew is the Llangernyw yew in the Churchyard of Llangernyw village in North Wales which is estimated to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old. Merchant, Brian (28 September 2010). "Living Bridges in India Have Grown for 500 Years". Treehugger. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014 . Retrieved 17 September 2014. Consequently, from both a taxonomic and a phylogenetic perspective, the tree is an artificial category. On an ecological basis, however, the tree can be recognized as a natural construct, as it represents an adaptive strategy by many different taxa to exploit and dominate the habitat above the ground. Tokuhisa, Jim. "Tree definition". Newton Ask a Scientist. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013 . Retrieved 18 December 2021.

A tree is a tall plant with a trunk and branches made of wood. Trees can live for many years. The oldest living tree found is about 5,000 years old. The oldest tree from the UK is about 1,000 years old. The four main parts of a tree are the roots, the trunk, the branches, and the leaves. Trees are a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The forest biome: Boreal forest". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012 . Retrieved 28 July 2012. The natural root bridges of Cherrapunji, India". Pictures World. 7 August 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014 . Retrieved 17 September 2014.The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods. Of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwood trees; [22] these include conifers, cycads, ginkgophytes and gnetales, which produce seeds which are not enclosed in fruits, but in open structures such as pine cones, and many have tough waxy leaves, such as pine needles. [23] Most angiosperm trees are eudicots, the "true dicotyledons", so named because the seeds contain two cotyledons or seed leaves. There are also some trees among the old lineages of flowering plants called basal angiosperms or paleodicots; these include Amborella, Magnolia, nutmeg and avocado, [24] while trees such as bamboo, palms and bananas are monocots. Binggeli, Pierre. "The conservation value of sycamore" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2013 . Retrieved 25 July 2012. The largest tree by volume is believed to be a giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum) known as the General Sherman Tree in the Sequoia National Park in Tulare County, California. Only the trunk is used in the calculation and the volume is estimated to be 1,487m 3 (52,500cuft). [170] Kinver, Mark (5 April 2017). "World is home to '60,000 tree species' ". BBC Science and Environment News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021 . Retrieved 18 December 2021. Petit, Rémy J.; Hampe, Arndt (2006). "Some Evolutionary Consequences of Being a Tree" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 37: 187–214. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110215. hdl: 10261/64097. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2014.

At least 120 drugs come from plant sources, many of them from the bark of trees. [142] Quinine originates from the cinchona tree ( Cinchona) and was for a long time the remedy of choice for the treatment of malaria. [143] Aspirin was synthesised to replace the sodium salicylate derived from the bark of willow trees ( Salix) which had unpleasant side effects. [144] The anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel is derived from taxol, a substance found in the bark of the Pacific yew ( Taxus brevifolia). [145] Other tree based drugs come from the paw-paw ( Carica papaya), the cassia ( Cassia spp.), the cocoa tree ( Theobroma cacao), the tree of life ( Camptotheca acuminata) and the downy birch ( Betula pubescens). [142]

Hajela, Deepti (2 May 2008). "Scientists to capture DNA of trees worldwide for database". USA Today. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022 . Retrieved 18 December 2021. Coder, Kim D. (1 August 1999). "Secondary Growth Anatomy and Tree Rings". Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014 . Retrieved 8 September 2014. Levey, Douglas J.; Silva, Wesley R.; Galetti, Mauro (2002). Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CABI. p.206. ISBN 978-0-85199-525-0. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017 . Retrieved 28 February 2016. For a tree seedling to grow into an adult tree it needs light. If seeds only fell straight to the ground, competition among the concentrated saplings and the shade of the parent would likely prevent it from flourishing. Many seeds such as birch are small and have papery wings to aid dispersal by the wind. Ash trees and maples have larger seeds with blade shaped wings which spiral down to the ground when released. The kapok tree has cottony threads to catch the breeze. [84] A small group of trees growing together is called a grove or copse, and a landscape covered by a dense growth of trees is called a forest. Several biotopes are defined largely by the trees that inhabit them; examples are rainforest and taiga (see ecozones). A landscape of trees scattered or spaced across grassland (usually grazed or burned over periodically) is called a savanna. A forest of great age is called old growth forest or ancient woodland (in the UK). A very young tree is called a sapling.