Sense of Place and Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global

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In her meaty introduction which provides a broad overview of the conflicting opinions and thoughts on the subject of localism as place as an environmentalist strategy, Heise writes, “With this wave of countercritiques, the theoretical debate has arrived at a conceptual impasse: while some theorists criticize nationally based forms of identity and hold out cosmopolitan identifications as a plausible and politically preferable alternative, other scholars emphasize the importance of holding on to national and local modes of belonging as a way of resisting the imperialism of some forms of globalization” (12). Heise then presents one of the central ideas of this text, “eco-cosmopolitanism” which she defines as an “environmental world citizenship,” arguing that “ecologically oriented thinking has yet to come to terms with one of the central insights of current theorists of globalization: namely, that the increasing connectedness of societies around the globe entails the emergence of new forms of culture that are no longer anchored in place…”(13). Heise begins to do this, and, more broadly, to explore various ways in which the global scale of the ecological crisis is being imagined and represented. The book is an excellent introduction to this principle of "eco-cosmopolitanism". Succinct and judicious commentaries on a range of theories of globalisation and cosmopolitanism are followed by critical readings of a wide variety of texts, including images of the planet, science fiction, art installations, experimental cinema, new types of toys for children, and magic-realist, paranoid and realist fiction. She looks at systems theory and risk theory as producing new accounts of long-distance ecological and political relationships, and especially at the conception of the globe as a web or network. The popular web facility Google Earth is a suggestive example of a new kind of rapid perceptual switching between the global and the local: zooming in and zooming out. Given Heise’s insistence that her mode of “eco-cosmopolitanism” is influenced by the work of postcolonial scholars’ work on cosmopolitan (I.e. Homi Bhaba) and how separated it is from imperialism, to what degree are Rahman’s arguments justified? Are these arguments reactionary or is there perhaps something substantial in Rahman’s writing when it comes to developing a unique perspective to Heise’s “eco-cosmopolitanism”?

In economics, ecosystems are referred to as ‘natural capital’ and are evaluated according to the goods and services they provide to individuals and societies (Costanza & Daly Reference Costanza and Daly1992). The economic values of sense of place have not yet been assessed, resulting in an incomplete evaluation of the natural capital (MA 2005). The economic value of sense of place, as for other cultural services (Chan et al. Reference Chan, Satterfield and Goldstein2012), has been overlooked due to the difficulties related to its quantitative assessment (Williams & Stewart Reference Williams and Stewart1998). For example, poverty, crime, pollution, overcrowding, corruption, incompetence, risk and disasters can be a central part of a community’s sense of place. What is sense of place in urban planning? Senses of place. Steven Feld, Keith H. Basso. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 1996. p.11. ISBN 0-933452-94-2. OCLC 35043056. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) CS1 maint: others ( link) Tuan, Yi Fu. 1990. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07395-X Hubbard, Phil, Rob Kitchen, and Gil Valentine, eds. 2004. Key Thinkers on Space and Place. London: Sage. ISBN 0-7619-4963-1

Ursula Heise's book leads ecocriticism in a new direction, one that should have been taken long before now. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet is the first work of literary ecocriticism to start out by questioning the primacy that most ecocritics give to localism and the love of home places. Heise is interested, rather, in our sense of belonging to the global ecosystem and in the new artistic forms this sense produces. A sense of place comes from a feeling of connectedness, be it physical, emotional, or spiritual, to a specific geographic area (Relph 1976). Developing a sense of place through geographic experiences helps build the social and emotional foundation children need and will one day use as adults. What is sense of place APHG? Measham TG (2006) Learning about environments: The significance of primal landscapes, Environmental Management 38(3), pp. 426–434 Spretnak, C. (1997). The resurgence of the real: Body, nature and place in a hypermodern world. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. ISBN 9780201534191.

Adams, Jennifer D. (2013). "Theorizing a Sense of Place in a Transnational Community". Children, Youth and Environments. 23 (3): 43–65. doi: 10.7721/chilyoutenvi.23.3.0043. ISSN 1546-2250. JSTOR 10.7721/chilyoutenvi.23.3.0043. S2CID 149189490. Davis, Mike (1990). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. New York: Vintage Press, Penquin Books. ISBN 9780679738060.It was easy to teach my students about a “ personal sense of place” — what makes a particular place unique and special to them as an individual. The easiest examples, for most of them, were the place or places where they grew up and knew the best.

At the center of this essay from 1953 is anthropologist W.E.H. Stanner’s expression, “Everywhen” which borrows from approaches to temporality from Aboriginal Australians, highlighting how interconnected the past, present and future is for Australia’s indigenous population. Though Heise doesn’t make an explicit connection to Stanner in this portion of her book, Stanner’s methodology of bridging the gaps of understanding nature and the environment between different cultures and locales (The Modern West against the Aboriginals) as well as the Aboriginals’ sense of temporal interconnectivity exemplifies Heise’s structure of a “sense of planetarity” and make Stanner’s essay a prescient, important work in climate literature. Ethnomusicologists, among other social scientists (like anthropologists, sociologists, and urban geographers), have begun to point toward music’s role in defining people’s “sense of place.” [32] British ethnomusicologist Martin Stokes suggests that humans can construct an idea of “place” through music that signals their position in the world in terms of social boundaries and moral and political hierarchies. [33] Stokes argues that music does not simply serve as a reflection of existing social structures, but yields the potential to actively transform a given space. Music denoting place can “preform” a knowledge of social boundaries and hierarchies that people use to negotiate and understand the identities of themselves and others and their relation to place.As we get older our experience of life and our zone of proximal development increase, we can learn and experience more things for ourselves. We become more mobile, crawling then walking, our parents allows us more responsibility. These factors massively affect our SENSE of place. How do we develop a sense of place? Sense of Place and Sense of Planet analyzes the relationship between the imagination of the global and the ethical commitment to the local in environmentalist thought and writing from the 1960s to the present. Part One critically examines the emphasis on local identities and communities in North American environmentalism by establishing conceptual connections between environmentalism and ecocriticism, on one hand, and theories of globalization, transnationalism and cosmopolitanism, on the other. It proposes the concept of “eco-cosmopolitanism” as a shorthand for envisioning these connections and the cultural and aesthetic forms into which they translate. Part Two focuses on conceptualizations of environmental danger and connects environmentalist and ecocritical thought with the interdisciplinary field of risk theory in the social sciences, arguing that environmental justice theory and ecocriticism stand to benefit from closer consideration of the theories of cosmopolitanism that have arisen in this field from the analysis of transnational communities at risk. Both parts of the book combine in-depth theoretical discussion with detailed analyses of novels, poems, films, computer software and installation artworks from the US and abroad that translate new connections between global, national and local forms of awareness into innovative aesthetic forms combining allegory, epic, and views of the planet as a whole with modernist and postmodernist strategies of fragmentation, montage, collage, and zooming. Bixler, R. D., M. F. Floyd, and W. E. Hammitt. (2002). Environmental socialization: Quantitative tests of the childhood play hypothesis, Environment and Behavior 34(6) pp. 795–818 Globally, habitat transformation is causing unprecedented loss of biodiversity (Butchart et al. Reference Butchart, Walpole, Collen, van Strien, Scharlemann, Almond, Baillie, Bomhard, Brown and Bruno2010). In turn, this affects ecosystem functioning and stability, the flow of ecosystem services and human well-being (Foley et al. Reference Foley, DeFries, Asner, Barford, Bonan, Carpenter, Chapin, Coe, Daily, Gibbs, Helkowski, Holloway, Howard, Kucharik, Monfreda, Patz, Prentice, Ramankutty and Snyder2005; Cardinale et al. Reference Cardinale, Duffy, Gonzalez, Hooper, Perrings, Venail, Narwani, Mace, Tilman and Wardle2012). Conflicts between biodiversity conservation and human development needs, which are driving habitat transformation and biodiversity loss, are difficult to resolve (Chan et al. Reference Chan, Pringle, Ranganathan, Boggs, Chan, Ehrlich, Haff, Heller, Al-khafaji and Macmynowski2007).

Gussow, Alan. 1972. A Sense of Place: The Artist and the American Land. San Francisco: Friends of the Earth. ISBN 1559635681 Felder, Maxime (September 2021). "Familiarity as a Practical Sense of Place". Sociological Theory. 39 (3): 180–199. doi: 10.1177/07352751211037724. ISSN 0735-2751. S2CID 237417768. In rural areas, the promotion of low impact, traditional land uses (such as subsistence agriculture and small-scale farming) could also promote human well-being through sense of place (Phillips Reference Phillips1998) and sustainable development (Halladay & Gilmour Reference Halladay and Gilmour1995) ( Fig. 1). Cultural landscapes represent those areas where human influence (traditional use of land and resources; Urquhart & Acott Reference Urquhart and Acott2014) has been part of ecosystem dynamics over the centuries, affecting landscape appearance (Phillips Reference Phillips1998), and species adaptation and diversity (Halladay & Gilmour Reference Halladay and Gilmour1995), while maintaining ecological processes (nutrient cycling and connectivity). This is particularly important in developing countries, where the maintenance of traditional systems would help create incentives for traditional land-use practices (Halladay & Gilmour Reference Halladay and Gilmour1995). Enhancing the value of native biodiversity for sense of place experiences could help identify critical native species, such as local cultivar varieties for agricultural practices (Perreault Reference Perreault2005) or wildlife for ecotourism (Martín-López et al. Reference Martín-López, Montes and Benayas2007; Di Minin et al. Reference Di Minin, Fraser, Slotow and MacMillan2013 a), and enhance their conservation ( Fig. 1). The human characteristics of a place come from human ideas and actions. They include bridges houses, and parks. Human characteristics of place also include land use, density of population, language patterns, religion, architecture, and political systems. How does environment influence beliefs and values? In urban planning, the development of a green infrastructure fosters psychological well-being by providing daily access to natural settings and sense of place (Maller et al. Reference Maller, Townsend, Pryor, Brown and St Leger2006; Tzoulas et al. Reference Tzoulas, Korpela, Venn, Yli-Pelkonen, Kaźmierczak, Niemela and James2007; Bendt et al. Reference Bendt, Barthel and Colding2013), while ensuring a range of ecosystem services in urban areas (such as air filtration, microclimate regulation, and noise reduction; Gaston et al. Reference Gaston, Ávila-Jiménez and Edmondson2013). Urban green spaces may enhance biodiversity through the promotion of ecological corridors and habitat connectivity (Rudd et al. Reference Rudd, Vala and Schaefer2002), as well as providing a refuge for native biodiversity (Goddard et al. Reference Goddard, Dougill and Benton2010). Psychological benefits of green spaces increase with species richness (Fuller et al. Reference Fuller, Irvine, Devine-Wright, Warren and Gaston2007). Management strategies enhancing biological diversity (such as mosaics of habitat patches; Thwaites et al. Reference Thwaites, Helleur and Simkins2005) and sense of place experiences in urban green space, could contribute to both human well-being and biodiversity conservation ( Fig. 1).Measham, TG (2007) Primal Landscapes: insights for education from empirical research on ways of learning about environments, International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 16 (4) pp. 339–350 Exploring the Relationship Between PV=nRT: Unraveling the Connection Between Isobars and Isotherms in the Atmosphere