Kohl Eyeliner Pencil - Black

Product Information

The Persian word for kohl is سرمه sormeh, from Azerbaijani sürmə "drawing along", which has led to Bengali and Urdu surma ( সুর্মা, سرمہ) as well as Russian сурьма and Malayalam സുറുമ. In some South Asian languages, the term kājal or kajol is used. Though these magical benefits of kohl may seem irrational to us today, these protective qualities are fully supported by recent studies of the various ingredients found in kohl. Egyptians faced many health issues that effected the eyes; from dust from the desert, to insects and bacteria from the flooding of the Nile, diseases such as conjunctivitis, cataract, trachoma and trichiasis played the population. The proscription of kohl to treat and prevent these illnesses can be found extremely early on in the Ebers papyrus, but were ancient physicians correct to think kohl could heal them? Eye cosmetics such as surma are recognized as one of the important sources of lead exposure in Pakistan. As adverse health effects of heavy metals are a public health concern, where especially lead may cause negative health impacts to human fetal and infantile development, a study in Pakistan of pregnant women's nails in 2016, showed 13 nail samples out of 84 analyzed, contained lead concentration exceeding the (13.6 μg/g) found in a fatal case of lead poisoning. Not the possibility of an external contamination. The observations showed that lead-containing surma consists of fine particle of galena (ore of lead sulfide) in respirable dust range (less than 10 μm) and relative in vitro bioavailability of lead in the surma was determined as 5.2%. Thus, lead-containing surma consists of inhalable and bioavailable particles, and it contributes an increased risk of lead exposure. [31] Scout10 Expresso Delight! Lovely espresso eye liner.Lovely colour and glides on - it is better than some of my high priced products .

Katheryne S. Loughran, Somalia in word and image, (Foundation for Cross Cultural Understanding: 1986), p.166.Fiona Stiles is a celebrity makeup artist whose clients include Lily Collins, Alia Bhatt, and Gabrielle Union.

The ancient Egyptians, documented in the Ebers Papyrus ( c. 1550 BCE), discuss these compounds within kohl as protective for the eyes. Indeed, kohl was used an eyeliner and cosmetic. There are a number of endemic ocular diseases in the Nile region including trachoma – which is caused by a chlamydial bacterium and can cause corneal scarring – and conjunctival cicatricial disease, with visual loss. Kohl was used not only as a cosmetic but also as a medicinal collyrium (from Greek kollurion). Two of kohl's lead compounds – the lead chlorides laurionite and phosgenite – were not natural to the Nile valley. It is believed they were intentionally synthesized by the ancient Egyptians for this purpose. The widespread use of kohl across the Mediterranean and the Middle East attests to its ability to protect the eye from infectious disease and be used as a cosmetic. [34] [35] Legal status [ edit ] Not in the traditional sense, but it is a good idea to replace any pencil eyeliner after about a year of use, or sooner if you have any kind of eye infection. Sergew Hable Selassie, Ancient and medieval Ethiopian history to 1270, (Printed by United Printers: 1972), p.26. Another tip is to use a cool brown eyeshadow to map out where you want your winged liner to go whilst keeping your eyes open. For a more natural look, you can just keep it like this and add mascara,' she adds.Martin Watt, Wanda Sellar (2012). Frankincense & Myrrh: Through the Ages, and a complete guide to their use in herbalism and aromatherapy today. Random House. p.24. ISBN 978-1446490778 . Retrieved 11 November 2016. Alkhawajah AM (October 1992). "Alkohl use in Saudi Arabia: Extent of use and possible lead toxicity". Tropical Geographical Medicine. 44 (4): 373–377. PMID 1295151. Additional guidance was provided by Jamie Greenberg, a celebrity makeup artist based in Los Angeles who works with clients including Chelsea Handler and Kaley Cuoco. Denika Bedrossian is a celebrity makeup artist behind some of Hailey Bieber’s, Jenna Dewan’s, and Sarah Hyland’s most infamous looks.