Apigenin 100mg x 90 Capsules - Third Party Tested Over 98% - Natural Apigenin Supplement Vitality Pro

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Cancer is a disease where cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy is promoted as the best way to manage and kill cancer cells, despite its undesirable side effects. Therefore, scientists are testing and trialling compounds, like Apigenin, to treat various forms of this condition. Wei Li, Akhilesh K Pandey, Xiangling Yin, Jau-Jiin Chen, Douglas M Stocco, Paula Grammas, Xingjia Wang Effects of apigenin on steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory gene expression in mouse Leydig cells J Nutr Biochem. (2011 Mar)

Aedín Cassidy, Éilis J O'Reilly, Colin Kay, Laura Sampson, Mary Franz, J P Forman, Gary Curhan, Eric B Rimm Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults Am J Clin Nutr. (2011 Feb) Ding SM, Zhang ZH, Song J, Cheng XD, Jiang J, Jia XB Enhanced bioavailability of apigenin via preparation of a carbon nanopowder solid dispersion. Int J Nanomedicine. (2014)

As for the safety of chamomile, there have been reports of allergic reactions as well as interactions between chamomile and cyclosporine and warfarin, which can cause serious consequences [ 26]. 7. Pharmacological Activities of Apigenin

Patel D, Shukla S, Gupta S Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: progress, potential and promise (review). Int J Oncol. (2007-Jan) Sun Y, Zhao R, Liu R, Li T, Ni S, Wu H, Cao Y, Qu Y, Yang T, Zhang C, Sun Y Integrated Screening of Effective Anti-Insomnia Fractions of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction via and Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Underlying Pharmacodynamic Material and Mechanism. ACS Omega. (2021-Apr-06) M. Blaut and T. Clavel, “Metabolic diversity of the intestinal microbiota: implications for health and disease,” Journal of Nutrition, vol. 137, 2, no. 3, pp. 751S–755S, 2007.View at: Google ScholarSafety is an important aspect of dietary components. In general, dietary plants containing flavonoids have not been associated with negative health impact, but they are rather considered to be beneficial. Apigenin is known for its low toxicity [ 9, 11, 43, 44]. Evidence has also shown that a flavonoid-rich diet is inversely associated with cancer risk [ 45– 50]. Therefore, the consumption of flavonoids has been assumed to be safe. Some information is available on how the human gut microbiota metabolizes apigenin glycosides using in vitro experiments or animal models. Hanske et al. performed a study demonstrating that the bioavailability of apigenin-7- O-glucoside is influenced by human intestinal microbiota using rats and in vitro culture of human gut microbiota in test tubes [ 129]. The in vitro culture experiment was carried out by incubating 10 mL culture of human gut microbiota and apigenin-7- O-glucoside mixture in airtight tubes for 24 hours at 37°C [ 129]. Results showed that human fecal suspensions converted apigenin-7- O-glucoside completely within 5 hours of incubation [ 129]. Apigenin-7- O-glucoside concentration remained largely stable without the presence of bacteria [ 129]. Apigenin and naringenin were transiently formed as intermediate metabolites from apigenin-7- O-glucoside [ 129]. The end products of apigenin-7- O-glucoside microbial degradation were 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (4-HPPA) and trace amounts of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPPA) [ 129]. In rat models, germ-free rats excreted via urine apigenin-7- O-glucoside, apigenin, and luteolin uniformly within 48 hours after application of apigenin-7- O-glucoside, both in free and conjugated forms [ 129]. Additional metabolites were excreted by human-microbiota associated (HMA) rats in urine: naringenin, phloretin, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3,4-DHPPA), 4-HPPA, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-HCA), and 3-HPPA, with apigenin-7- O-glucoside, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin, phloretin, 4-HPPA, and 4-HCA in both their free and conjugated forms and only free forms of 3,4-DHPPA and 3-HPPA [ 129]. Apigenin-7- O-glucoside, apigenin, and luteolin, mainly as conjugates, were observed in germ-free rats’ fecal excretion, while they were excreted at a considerably lower level in HMA rats [ 129]. This study strongly supports that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the metabolism of dietary apigenin.