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Powers/Remington Rand/UNIVAC 90-column format [ edit ] A blank Remington Rand UNIVAC format card. Card courtesy of MIT Museum. A punched Remington Rand card with an IBM card for comparison Basile Bouchon developed the control of a loom by punched holes in paper tape in 1725. The design was improved by his assistant Jean-Baptiste Falcon and by Jacques Vaucanson. [6] Although these improvements controlled the patterns woven, they still required an assistant to operate the mechanism. Punched cards, and chains of punched cards, were used for control of looms in the 18th century. Use for telegraphy systems started in 1842. Punched tapes were used throughout the 19th and for much of the 20th centuries for programmable looms, teleprinter communication, for input to computers of the 1950s and 1960s, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and CNC machine tools. During the Second World War, high-speed punched tape systems using optical readout methods were used in code breaking systems. Punched tape was used to transmit data for manufacture of read-only memory chips. Hollerith's original system used an ad hoc coding system for each application, with groups of holes assigned specific meanings, e.g. sex or marital status. His tabulating machine had up to 40 counters, each with a dial divided into 100 divisions, with two indicator hands; one which stepped one unit with each counting pulse, the other which advanced one unit every time the other dial made a complete revolution. This arrangement allowed a count up to 9,999. During a given tabulating run counters were assigned specific holes or, using relay logic, combination of holes. [40] In the 1970s through the early 1980s, paper tape was commonly used to transfer binary data for incorporation in either mask-programmable read-only memory (ROM) chips or their erasable counterparts EPROMs. A significant variety of encoding formats were developed for use in computer and ROM/EPROM data transfer. [9] Encoding formats commonly used were primarily driven by those formats that EPROM programming devices supported and included various ASCII hex variants as well as a number of proprietary formats.
Punched Paper Tape - Etsy UK Punched Paper Tape - Etsy UK
a b "Chapter 6. Microcomputer System Component Data Sheet - EPROMs and ROM: I. PROM and ROM Programming Instructions - B2. BPNF Paper Tape Format". MCS-80 User's Manual (With Introduction to MCS-85). Intel Corporation. October 1977 [1975]. pp.6–76. 98-153D . Retrieved 2020-02-27. [1] [2] (NB. This manual describes a "BPNF Paper Tape Format", a "Non-Intellec Hex Paper Tape Format" and a "PN Computer Punched Card Format".)In the 21st century, use of punched tape would be very rare, possibly in obsolete military systems or by some hobbyists. In computer numerical control (CNC) machining applications, paper tape is uncommon, but some modern systems still measure the size of stored CNC programs in feet or meters, corresponding to the equivalent length if the data were actually punched on paper tape. [3] Formats [ edit ] Diagnostic minicomputer software on fanfold paper tape (1975) Mylar punched tape was used for durability in industrial applications Keep collections to yourself or inspire other shoppers! Keep in mind that anyone can view public collections - they may also appear in recommendations and other places. Reliability of paper tape punching operations was a concern, so that for critical applications a new punched tape could be read after punching to verify the correct contents. Rewinding a tape required a takeup reel or other measures to avoid tearing or tangling the tape. [ citation needed] In some uses, "fan fold" tape simplified handling as the tape would refold into a "takeup tank" ready to be re-read. The information density of punched tape was low compared with magnetic tape, making large datasets clumsy to handle in punched tape form. In 1846, Alexander Bain used punched tape to send telegrams. This technology was adopted by Charles Wheatstone in 1857 for the Wheatstone system used for the automated preparation, storage and transmission of data in telegraphy. [1] [2]
A5 Hole Punched Paper - Etsy UK
Brown, Betsy (1987-12-06). "Westchester Bookcase". The New York Times. Edward Ziegler […] an editor at the Reader's Digest […] wrote a science fiction novel, The Man Whose Name Wouldn't Fit, under the pen name Theodore TylerA3 paper is twice the size of A4 paper (it's the same shape as two pieces of A4 paper side by side in portrait). This paper is popular with graphic artists and designers. Fierheller, George A. (2014-02-07). Do not Fold, Spindle or Mutilate: The "hole" story of punched cards (PDF). Markham, Ontario, Canada: Stewart Publishing & Printing. ISBN 978-1-894183-86-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-09 . Retrieved 2018-04-03. (NB. An accessible book of recollections (sometimes with errors), with photographs and descriptions of many unit record machines.) Maxfield, Clive "Max" (2011-10-13). "How it was: Paper tapes and punched cards". EE Times . Retrieved 2022-07-05. Proesch, Roland (2009). Technical Handbook for Radio Monitoring HF: Edition 2009. Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3837045734. Laser and inkjet printers print in very different ways and certain papers are better suited to one or the other. Inkjet paper, for example, has good absorbency but does not allow the ink to spread sideways. The Guardian has a good article on the differences between inkjet and laser printing, including tips on their relative cost effectiveness
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