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In 2019, Benedict released a 6,000-word letter that attributed the Church's sexual abuse crisis to an erosion of morality driven by secularization and the sexual revolution of the 1960s. [220] The letter was in sharp contrast to the viewpoint of his successor, Francis, who saw the issue as a byproduct of abuses of power within the Church's hierarchical structure. [220] The New York Times later reported that "given his frail health at the time, however, many church watchers questioned whether Benedict had indeed written the letter or had been manipulated to issue it as a way to undercut Francis." [221] Mrugala, Anette (10 July 2009). " 'Papst-Schule' eingeweiht"['Pope school' opened] (in German). Innsalzach24.de. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012 . Retrieved 17 September 2011.

In his early twenties, Ratzinger was deeply influenced by the thought of Italian German Romano Guardini, [39] who taught in Munich from 1946 to 1951 when Ratzinger was studying in Freising and later at the University of Munich. The intellectual affinity between these two thinkers, who would later become decisive figures for the twentieth-century Catholic Church, was preoccupied with rediscovering the essentials of Christianity: Guardini wrote his 1938 The Essence of Christianity, while Ratzinger penned Introduction to Christianity, three decades later in 1968. Guardini inspired many in the Catholic social-democratic tradition, particularly the Communion and Liberation movement in the New Evangelization encouraged under the papacy of the Polish Pope John PaulII. Ratzinger wrote an introduction to a 1996 reissue of Guardini's 1954 The Lord. [40] Pre-papal career: 1951–2005 Academic career: 1951–1977 Part of a series on theBenedict's writings were prolific and generally defended traditional Catholic doctrine, values, and liturgy. [12] He was originally a liberal theologian but adopted conservative views after 1968. [13] During his papacy, Benedict advocated a return to fundamental Christian values to counter the increased secularisation of many Western countries. He viewed relativism's denial of objective truth, and the denial of moral truths in particular, as the central problem of the 21st century. Benedict also revived several traditions, including the Tridentine Mass. [14] He strengthened the relationship between the Catholic Church and art, promoted the use of Latin, [15] and reintroduced traditional papal vestments, for which reason he was called "the pope of aesthetics". [16] Benedict's handling of sexual abuse cases within the Catholic Church and opposition to usage of condoms in areas of high HIV transmission led to substantial criticism from public health officials, anti-AIDS activists, and victim's rights organizations. [17] [18]

Ciało papieża emeryta, zgodnie z jego życzeniem, zostało pochowane w Grotach Watykańskich, w miejscu gdzie wcześniej, do czasu beatyfikacji, pochowani byli najpierw w latach 1963–2000 Jan XXIII a później w latach 2005–2011 Jan Paweł II [100] [101] [102] [93] [103] [104]. Wittl, Wolfgang (24 September 2012). "Blau-weiß gekachelte Bescheidenheit". Süddeutsche.de (in German) . Retrieved 2 January 2023. CNA. "Pectoral cross of Benedict XVI stolen from Bavarian church". Catholic News Agency . Retrieved 21 June 2023. Benedict asked for forgiveness in February for any “grievous faults” in his handling of clergy sex abuse cases, but denied any personal or specific wrongdoing after an independent report from a German law firm criticized his actions in four cases while he was archbishop of Munich.

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Benedict supported the peaceful use of nuclear energy as a tool for development and the fight against poverty. In his message for the 50th anniversary of the founding of the International Atomic Energy Agency, he confirmed: "The Holy See, fully approving of the IAEA's goal, has been a member from the organisation's foundation and continues to support its activity." [338] Personal life Benedict at the Synod of Bishops in Rome, 2008 Benedict also promoted various UN events, such as World Refugee Day, on which he offered up special prayers for refugees and called for the international community to do more to secure refugees' human rights. He also called on Catholic communities and organizations to offer them concrete help. [323] In March 2016, Benedict gave an interview expressing his views on mercy and endorsing Francis's stress on mercy in his pastoral practice. [262] Also that month, a Vatican spokesman stated that Benedict was "slowly, serenely fading" in his physical health, although his mental capacity remained "perfectly lucid". [263] Main article: Resignation of Pope BenedictXVI Benedict in a popemobile at his final Wednesday General Audience in St. Peter's Square, 27 February 2013

On 7 July 2007, Benedict issued the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, declaring that upon "the request of the faithful", the celebration of Mass according to the Missal of 1962 (of the Tridentine Mass), was to be more easily permitted. Stable groups who previously had to petition their bishop to have a Tridentine Mass may now merely request permission from their local priest. [128] While Summorum Pontificum directs that pastors should provide the Tridentine Mass upon the requests of the faithful, it also allows for any qualified priest to offer private celebrations of the Tridentine Mass, to which the faithful may be admitted if they wish. [129] For regularly scheduled public celebrations of the Tridentine Mass, the permission of the priest in charge of the church is required. [130] One of the cases Ratzinger pursued involved Marcial Maciel, a Mexican priest and founder of the Legionaries of Christ who had been accused repeatedly of sexual abuse. Biographer Andrea Tornielli suggested that Cardinal Ratzinger had wanted to take action against Maciel but that John Paul II and other high-ranking officials, including several cardinals and the Pope's influential secretary Stanisław Dziwisz, prevented him from doing so. [196] [201] In an accompanying letter, the Pope outlined his position concerning questions about the new guidelines. [129] As there were fears that the move would entail a reversal of the Second Vatican Council, [131] Benedict emphasised that the Tridentine Mass would not detract from the council and that the Mass of Paul VI would still be the norm and priests were not permitted to refuse to say the Mass in that form. He pointed out that the use of Tridentine Mass "was never juridically abrogated and, consequently, in principle, was always permitted." [129] The letter also decried "deformations of the liturgy ... because in many places celebrations were not faithful to the prescriptions of the new Missal" as the Second Vatican Council was wrongly seen "as authorising or even requiring creativity", mentioning his own experience. [129] The man in charge of enforcing it for 20 years was Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the man made Pope last year. In 2001 he created the successor to the decree." Benedict's relations with Islam were strained at times. On 12 September 2006, he delivered a lecture which touched on Islam at the University of Regensburg in Germany. He had served there as a professor of theology before becoming Pope, and his lecture was entitled "Faith, Reason and the University–Memories and Reflections". The lecture received much attention from political and religious authorities. Many Islamic politicians and religious leaders registered their protest against what they labelled an insulting mischaracterization of Islam, although his focus was aimed towards the rationality of religious violence, and its effect on the religion. [157] [158] Muslims were particularly offended by a passage that the Pope quoted in his speech: "Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." [158]

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Filled with sentiments of awe and thanksgiving, I wish to speak of why I chose the name Benedict. Firstly, I remember Pope Benedict XV, that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. In his footsteps, I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Additionally, I recall Saint Benedict of Nursia, co- patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions! [80] Tone of papacy Benedict's first trip in a popemobile, 2005 Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today", [112] on 6 June 2005, Benedict also said: Benedict was known to be deeply interested in classical music, [22] and was an accomplished pianist. [339] His favourite composer was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, of whose music he said: "His music is by no means just entertainment; it contains the whole tragedy of human existence." [340] Benedict also stated that Mozart's music affected him greatly as a young man and "deeply penetrated his soul". [340] Benedict's favourite works of music were Mozart's Clarinet Concerto and Clarinet Quintet. [341] He recorded an album of contemporary classical music in which he sings and recites prayers to the Blessed Virgin Mary. [342] The album was set for release on 30 November 2009. Benedict was also known to be fond of cats. [22] As Cardinal Ratzinger, he was known (according to former neighbours) to look after stray cats in his neighbourhood, Borgo. A book called Joseph and Chico: A Cat Recounts the Life of Pope Benedict XVI was published in 2007 which told the story of the Pope's life from the feline Chico's perspective. This story was inspired by an orange tabby Pentling cat, which belonged to the family next door. [343] During his trip to Australia for World Youth Day in 2008, the media reported that festival organizers lent the Pope a grey cat called Bella [344] to keep him company during his stay. [345] Social networking The asteroid 8661 Ratzinger was named in his honour for the role he played in supervising the opening of the Vatican Apostolic Archive in 1998 to researchers investigating judicial errors against Galileo and other scientists. The name was proposed by the asteroid's discoverers, L. D. Schmadel and F. Borngen at Tautenburg. [353]

Caldwell, Simon "Pope Benedict wanted to be a librarian" The Daily Telegraph, 5 August 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2011 WebCitation archive Ratzinger and his brother Georg entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein in November 1945, later studying at the Ducal Georgianum ( Herzogliches Georgianum) of the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. They were both ordained in Freising on 29 June 1951 by Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber of Munich–the same man Ratzinger had met as a child. He recalled: "at the moment the elderly Archbishop laid his hands on me, a little bird–perhaps a lark–flew up from the altar in the high cathedral and trilled a little joyful song". [36] He celebrated his first Mass later that summer in Traunstein, at St. Oswald's Church. [37] Such symbols were on par with the massive visual statement the church made through its majestic churches and cathedrals and its unequaled collection of great works of art, Benedict contended.

Benedict said that "a dictatorship of relativism" [114] was the core challenge facing the Church and humanity. At the root of this problem, he said, is Immanuel Kant's "self-limitation of reason". This, he said, is contradictory to the modern acclamation of science whose excellence is based on the power of reason to know the truth. He said that this self-amputation of reason leads to pathologies of religion such as terrorism and pathologies of science such as ecological disasters. [115] Benedict traced the failed revolutions and violent ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides. He said "Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism." [116] Christianity as religion according to reason