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An alternative etymology links the word to Latin pinguis, which means 'fat' or 'oil'. [16] Support for this etymology can be found in the alternative Germanic word for penguin, fettgans or 'fat-goose', and the related Dutch word vetgans. a b Crofford, Emily (1989). Gone Forever: The Great Auk. New York: Crestwood House. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-89686-459-7. Thomas, D.B.; Fordyce, R.E. (2007). "The heterothermic loophole exploited by penguins". Australian Journal of Zoology. 55 (#5): 317–321. doi: 10.1071/zo07053. a b c d e f g h i j k l Baker, A. J; Pereira, S. L.; Haddrath, O. P; Edge, K.-A. (2006). "Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 273 (#1582): 11–7. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3260. PMC 1560011. PMID 16519228.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/151010-science-psychology-babies-animals-culture-behavior This explains the five-feet-away rule meant for sightseers in Antarctica I mentioned earlier. As I’ve also established, penguins are not used to being with humans. If you scare a penguin away by being too close to it, you’ll likely end up facing charges. Is It Possible to Befriend a Penguin on Your Own?The basal penguins lived around the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event somewhere in the general area of (southern) New Zealand and Byrd Land, Antarctica. [3] Due to plate tectonics, these areas were at that time less than 1,500 kilometres (930mi) apart rather than the 4,000 kilometres (2,500mi) of today. The most recent common ancestor of penguins and their sister clade can be roughly dated to the Campanian– Maastrichtian boundary, around 70–68 mya. [31] [33] [34] What can be said as certainly as possible in the absence of direct (i.e., fossil) evidence is that, by the end of the Cretaceous, the penguin lineage must have been evolutionarily well distinct, though much less so morphologically. Penguins generally only lay one brood; the exception is the little penguin, which can raise two or three broods in a season. [77] They spend about half of their lives on land and the other half in the sea. The largest living species is the emperor penguin ( Aptenodytes forsteri): [6] on average, adults are about 1.1m (3ft 7in) tall and weigh 35kg (77lb). The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin ( Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around 30–33cm (12–13in) tall and weighs 1.2–1.3kg (2.6–2.9lb). [7] Today, larger penguins generally inhabit colder regions, and smaller penguins inhabit regions with temperate or tropical climates. Some prehistoric penguin species were enormous: as tall or heavy as an adult human. There was a great diversity of species in subantarctic regions, and at least one giant species in a region around 2,000km south of the equator 35 mya, during the Late Eocene, a climate decidedly warmer than today. [8] Etymology A group of emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri) in Antarctica Gorvett, Zaria (December 23, 2015). "If you think penguins are cute and cuddly, you're wrong". BBC Earth. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020 . Retrieved March 9, 2020.
Traditionally, most extinct species of penguins, giant or small, had been placed in the paraphyletic subfamily called Palaeeudyptinae. More recently, with new taxa being discovered and placed in the phylogeny if possible, it is becoming accepted that there were at least two major extinct lineages. One or two closely related ones occurred in Patagonia, and at least one other—which is or includes the paleeudyptines as recognized today – occurred on most Antarctic and Subantarctic coasts. You may be wondering: “If penguins don’t necessarily enjoy interacting with humans, does this mean they hate us?” This is not necessarily true because you’ve probably heard of penguins responding to the love and care of their trainers or zoo managers. a b c Clarke, Julia A.; Olivero, Eduardo B. & Puerta, Pablo (2003). "Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3423): 1–18. doi: 10.1206/0003-0082(2003)423<0001:dotefp>2.0.co;2. hdl: 2246/2788. S2CID 19041678. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2007 . Retrieved January 4, 2007.
https://www.encyclopedie-environnement.org/en/society/antarctic-treaty-unique-governance-for-environment-and-science/ Simpson, G.G. (1946). "Fossil penguins" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 81. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 11, 2007 . Retrieved September 25, 2010. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 7, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Adelie Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020.
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